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Burton, Orisanmi

Tip of the Spear: Black Radicalism, Prison Repression, and the Long Attica Revolt

California (Oakland)

2023


OUR SYNOPSIS: Orisanmi Burton argues “that prisons are war. They are state strategies of race war, class war, colonization, and counterinsurgency. But they are also domains of militant contestation, where captive populations reject these white supremacist systems of power and invent zones of autonomy, freedom, and liberation.” He demonstrates that a “Long Attica Revolt” began in the early 1970s, led to state oppression, and ultimately “gave rise to new formations of consciousness, politics, sociality, gender, and being, as well as new—which is to saw renewed—technologies of racial-colonial domination, dehumanization, and extraction.” (17) Utilizing extensive oral history interviews, he foregrounds “Black radical ways of knowing” in these stories. (26) He repeatedly identifies the message “we are one people” as the vital centerpiece of the Long Attica Revolt. Some of his most compelling analysis regard how state agents, most notably the FBI, ignored abuse of people resisting incarceration while closely surveilling their resistance. This non-documenting of violence against these people while extensively documenting their resistance is “a tactic of archival power, indeed of archival war, this active silencing attempts to weaponize history, to preserve a one-sided narrative through the eyes of the state.” (89) The method Burton employs in this book firmly resists this silencing.

BIG QUESTIONS:

  • What are the implications of framing prisons as embodiments of war? How does this change how we think about prison uprisings?

  • How can archives produced by state agents be approached critically to amplify the experiences of people oppressed by the state?

FEATURE QUOTES:

  • “Forged within cauldrons of racial, sexual, and class oppression, the Long Attica Revolt threatened the existence of prisons, the social order, and the very coherence of White Man, a coercively universalized paradigm of human being.” (19)

  • “Because of its dominance of the narrative terrain, the state was able to shape public perception of the struggle in real time and condition our historical forgetting.” (107)

PRIMARY SOURCES:

BALTIMORE CONNECTIONS:

  • Histories of resistance to incarceration in and around Baltimore.

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